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It is doubtful that it even has an atmosphere. This also means that the planet is so close to its sun that it likely remains scorched on one side and frozen on the other. That means that its year is less than half of our week. Photo: NASA.īut the orbital period of this world is a brisk 3.24 days. Will it look like this? Earth above the Pacific Ocean.
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The dream of finding an Earth-like world orbiting the star nearest Earth is a strong one. The greater the orbital tilt, the greater the actual mass.
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If the orbit is perfectly edge-on, then this minimum mass would be the actual mass. But the minimum mass is approximately 1.13 ± 0.09 times the mass of Earth. We don’t know the exact mass, because we don’t know the tilt of the planet’s orbit. That world is far too near to its sun to allow life as we know it, but the mass of that world is close to that of our own home planet. In that announcement, they congratulated the European Southern Observatory (ESO) team (Xavier Dumusque, et al) for their discovery. October 17, 2012, NASA announced the discovery of a planet orbiting Alpha Centauri B, the second brightest star in the trinary (ternary or 3-component) system. The one glaring dot holds both Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B. Risinger (CC BY 3.0), via The star nearest Earth now has a known planet Photograph of Alpha Centauri with more distant stars of the Milky Way in the background. In the background is our own sun as a bright star in their night sky. Artist’s rendition of the Alpha Centauri system with the newly discovered planet. So, you see, in one sense Alpha Centauri really is the star nearest Earth. But Proxima is also a part of the Alpha Centauri system. Proxima is not a star that we can see in the night sky. Other purists will likely complain that Proxima Centauri is closer than “Alpha Centauri.” They would also be right, but only in a sense. So, even though the star nearest to the Earth is our sun, literally, it is not so in the everyday sense of common language. But in the vernacular, “star” usually refers to those tiny points of light in the night sky-not the daytime. Okay, they’re right, but only in one sense. Someone is getting “literal” on me and declaring that the star “nearest” Earth is our own sun. The star nearest Earth? Alpha Centauri? I can hear it now. A photograph of the night sky showing Alpha Centauri A&B (top left), Beta Centauri (mid-right), and Proxima Centauri (within red circle).